{"id":478,"date":"2021-08-17T00:38:27","date_gmt":"2021-08-17T00:38:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/marcschmalz.com\/blog\/?p=478"},"modified":"2021-08-22T04:49:51","modified_gmt":"2021-08-22T04:49:51","slug":"validity-testing-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/marcschmalz.com\/blog\/validity-testing-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Validity Test Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"

List of Original Items<\/h2>\n

The items below relate to the following, which are Dittmar’s (2011) “identity-related functions of material goods” (slightly re-written by me for my testers)<\/span>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Effectiveness<\/td>EFF<\/td>The thing allows me a sense of control and to show competence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Emotional Regulation<\/td>EMR<\/td>The thing is a means to generate, express, or regulating emotions (self-esteem, belongingness, continuity\/stability).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Actual Identity<\/td>AID<\/td>The thing represents who I am right now (my qualities and values, differentiating me from others).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ideal Identity<\/td>IID<\/td>The thing represents who I want to be (the qualities, values, and goals to which I aspire).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Personal History<\/td>PRH<\/td>The thing provides a sense of continuity with my personal history, and how I became the person I am today.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Symbolic Interrelatedness<\/del><\/td>SIR<\/del><\/td>The thing represents a link to an individual (a friend, a family member, a colleague).<\/del><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Social Identity<\/td>SID<\/td>The thing represents a link to (or membership in) a group or subculture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

SIR was removed since it applies to a single individual and isolating one seemed pointless at this phase.<\/p>\n

Four potential measures were devised for each remaining function.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • EFF1: I am confident that I make good decisions about the product.<\/li>\n
  • EFF2: I have control over the product.<\/li>\n
  • EFF3: The product lets me demonstrate competence in my profession.<\/li>\n
  • EFF4: I influence the direction of the product.<\/li>\n
  • EMR1: I feel happy when I think of the product.<\/li>\n
  • EMR2: I feel a sense of pride when I think of the product.<\/li>\n
  • EMR3: My association with the product gives me a feeling of stability.<\/li>\n
  • EMR4: My association with the product boosts my self-esteem.<\/li>\n
  • AID1: The product is an important part of who I am right now.<\/li>\n
  • AID2: My personal values are represented in the product.<\/li>\n
  • AID3: I see part of myself in the product.<\/li>\n
  • AID4: When I meet someone new, telling them about the product helps them understand who I am.<\/li>\n
  • IID1: I have a strong sense of how the product will help me achieve future career goals.<\/li>\n
  • IID2: I am growing into a better version of me as I work on the product.<\/li>\n
  • IID3: I want to make sure \u201cfuture me\u201d is happy with the completed product.<\/li>\n
  • IID4: I feel the product will influence the future of the whole field.<\/li>\n
  • PRH1: The product is a natural extension of my professional work history.<\/li>\n
  • PRH2: The product reminds me of technologies that were important to me in the past.<\/li>\n
  • PRH3: I keep memorabilia regarding past products in my work space.<\/li>\n
  • PRH4: A much younger me would be excited to know I was working on the product today.<\/li>\n
  • SID1: I am glad to belong to the product\u2019s target user group.<\/li>\n
  • SID2: I feel strong ties with the product\u2019s target user group.<\/li>\n
  • SID3: l consider the product\u2019s target user group important.<\/li>\n
  • SID4: l identify with the product\u2019s target user group.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Initial Quantitative Analysis<\/h2>\n

    Running FACTOR syntax in SPSS, I got initial analysis on the full set of measures. I ran the analysis a number of ways.<\/p>\n

    Overall, high KMO and low Bartlett\u2019s significance are good.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
    KMO and Bartlett\u2019s Test<\/th><\/th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.<\/td><\/td>0.936<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Bartlett\u2019s Test of Sphericity<\/td>Approx. Chi-Square<\/td>2384.18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>df<\/td>276<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>Sig.<\/td>.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

    Forcing six factors (blanking values <0.3):<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
    Pattern Matrix(a)<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>Factor<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>1<\/td>2<\/td>3<\/td>4<\/td>5<\/td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR4 - My assn. w\/ P boosts my self-esteem.<\/td>0.862<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    PRH4 - Younger me would [be excited by P].<\/td>0.811<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR2 - I feel a sense of pride when I think of P.<\/td>0.741<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR1 - I feel happy when I think of P.<\/td>0.571<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID3 - [Future me should be] happy with P.<\/td>0.538<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EFF3 - P lets me dem. competence<\/td>0.478<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID2 - [Personal growth as] I work on P.<\/td>0.407<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>0.312<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SID3 - l consider P\u2019s TUG important.<\/td>0.398<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR3 - My assn. w\/ P gives me a feeling of stability.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID4 - P will influence future of field.<\/td><\/td>0.785<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID2 - My personal values are rep. in P.<\/td><\/td>0.676<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    PRH - I keep mem. from past products.<\/td><\/td>0.588<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID1 - ... P will help me achieve future career goals.<\/td><\/td>0.402<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    PRH2 - P reminds me of past tech important to me.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SID4 - l identify with\u00a0 P\u2019s TUG.<\/td><\/td><\/td>1.135<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SID2 - I feel strong ties with P\u2019s TUG.<\/td><\/td>0.415<\/td>0.467<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SID1 - I am glad to belong to P\u2019s TUG.<\/td><\/td><\/td>0.403<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EFF2 - I have control over P<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>0.888<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EFF4 - I influence the direction of P.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>0.697<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID4 - Telling people about P helps them understand me.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>0.563<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    PRH1 - P is extension of my work history.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>0.483<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID1 - P is... who I am right now.<\/td><\/td>0.401<\/td><\/td><\/td>0.469<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID3 - I see... myself in P.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>0.41<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EFF1 - I make good decisions about P<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>1.041<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Extraction Method: Maximum Likelihood.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    a. Rotation converged in 7 iterations.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Detecting emerging factors with eigenvalues > 1.0 (blanking values <0.3).<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

    Detecting emerging factors with eigenvalues > 1.0 (blanking values <0.3).<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
    Pattern Matrix(a)<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>Factor<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>1<\/td>2<\/td>3<\/td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID1 - P is... who I am right now.<\/td>0.782<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID2 - My personal values are rep. in P.<\/td>0.764<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID4 - P will influence future of field.<\/td>0.733<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID4 - Telling people about P helps them understand me.<\/td>0.65<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    PRH - I keep mem. from past products.<\/td>0.583<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID3 - I see... myself in P.<\/td>0.464<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID2 - [Personal growth as] I work on P.<\/td>0.422<\/td>0.399<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID1 - ... P will help me achieve future career goals.<\/td>0.415<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    PRH2 - P reminds me of past tech important to me.<\/td>0.334<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    PRH1 - P is extension of my work history.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR2 - I feel a sense of pride when I think of P.<\/td><\/td>0.789<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR4 - My ass. w\/ P boosts my self-esteem.<\/td><\/td>0.786<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EFF3 - P lets me dem. competence<\/td><\/td>0.699<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    PRH4 - Younger me would [be excited by P].<\/td><\/td>0.661<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR1 - I feel happy when I think of P.<\/td><\/td>0.625<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID3 - [Future me should be] happy with P.<\/td><\/td>0.592<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SID3 - l consider P\u2019s TUG important.<\/td><\/td>0.51<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EFF1 - I make good decisions about P<\/td><\/td>0.459<\/td>0.301<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR3 - My ass. w\/ P gives me a feeling of stability.<\/td><\/td>0.391<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EFF4 - I influence the direction of P.<\/td><\/td><\/td>0.811<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EFF2 - I have control over P<\/td><\/td><\/td>0.802<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SID4 - l identify with\u00a0 P\u2019s TUG.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>1.093<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SID2 - I feel strong ties with P\u2019s TUG.<\/td>0.395<\/td><\/td><\/td>0.448<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SID1 - I am glad to belong to P\u2019s TUG.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>0.385<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Extraction Method: Maximum Likelihood.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    a. Rotation converged in 6 iterations.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

    Some eliminations were made (discussed below) and one large clumpy factor emerged that aggregated three expected latent variables. Further FACTOR syntax was written to explore this clump.<\/p>\n

    Forcing three factors on the clump.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
    Pattern Matrix(a)<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>Factor<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td>1<\/td>2<\/td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR2 - I feel a sense of pride when I think of P.<\/td>0.891<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR4 - My ass. w\/ P boosts my self-esteem.<\/td>0.802<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR1 - I feel happy when I think of P.<\/td>0.713<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID3 - [Future me should be] happy with P.<\/td>0.643<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID1 - ... P will help me achieve future career goals.<\/td>0.352<\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID4 - Telling people about P helps them understand me.<\/td><\/td>0.827<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID1 - P is... who I am right now.<\/td><\/td>0.657<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    AID2 - My personal values are rep. in P.<\/td><\/td>0.42<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EMR3 - My ass. w\/ P gives me a feeling of stability.<\/td>0.345<\/td>0.36<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    IID4 - P will influence future of field.<\/td><\/td><\/td>0.923<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    <\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    a. Rotation converged in 5 iterations.<\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

    Notes By Latent Variable<\/h2>\n

    These are a work in progress, and this portion of the post will be updated to reflect new thinking and additional work.<\/p>\n

    EFF<\/h3>\n

    Was splitting into two groups: EFF1\/3 and EFF2\/4.<\/p>\n

    Original Set<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • EFF1: I am confident that I make good decisions about the product.<\/li>\n
    • EFF2: I have control over the product.<\/li>\n
    • EFF3: The product lets me demonstrate competence in my profession.<\/li>\n
    • EFF4: I influence the direction of the product.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Dittmar (2011):<\/p>\n

      \u201cThis effectiveness function closely resembles the self-efficacy identity motive, where individuals strive to feel competent and capable of influencing their environment.\u201d [\u2026] \u201cThe psychological significance of possessions is seen as residing mainly in the control they afford their owner over the physical and social environment, and they are closely linked to identity for precisely that reason.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      EFF1 and 3 are about feeling competent when working on the product.<\/p>\n

      EFF2 and 4 are about control, by influencing the outcome of the product.<\/p>\n

      Draft New Qs<\/h4>\n

      Competence (doing the work well)<\/p>\n

        \n
      • I have the skills I need to advance the product.<\/li>\n
      • Project success depends on my competence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Control (controlling outcomes)<\/p>\n

          \n
        • I make important decisions about the product.<\/li>\n
        • I have control over my portion of the product.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Next test will split this group into control and competence factors and test those.<\/p>\n

          EMR<\/h3>\n

          This factor appears in the three-function clump. When forced into three factors, EMR3 is problematic.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • EMR1: I feel happy when I think of the product.<\/li>\n
          • EMR2: I feel a sense of pride when I think of the product.<\/li>\n
          • EMR3: My association with the product gives me a feeling of stability.<\/del><\/li>\n
          • EMR4: My association with the product boosts my self-esteem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Happy, proud, and self-esteem hang together, but stability weakly associates with two factors, invading the group with mostly AID. If I’d have guessed ahead of time, I’d have said that stability would be a factor with utilitarian devs and less so with game devs, and yet this sample is mostly non-game devs.<\/p>\n

            Dittmar (2011)<\/h4>\n
            \n

            “…individuals use material goods to express, regulate or enhance their mood, find emotional comfort, derive a sense of emotional security, vent their frustration, or escape from unwanted emotional states.”<\/p>\n

            Emotional functions appear as hedonic, compared to utilitarian, benefits from shopping in consumer research (Babin, Darden, & Griffin, 1994<\/span>), but we found that emotional buying motives form a coherent, internally consistent dimension separate from other types of buying motives, reflecting concerns such as \u2018I get a real buzz from buying things\u2019 or \u2018I often buy things because it puts me in a better mood\u2019 (Dittmar, 2008<\/span>).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

            Draft New Qs<\/h4>\n
              \n
            • Thinking about the product improves my mood.<\/li>\n
            • I get a buzz when I solve a problem with the product.<\/li>\n
            • I find work on the product emotionally rewarding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

               <\/p>\n

              AID<\/h3>\n

              AID3 wasn\u2019t tracking with the others and was removed:\u00a0\u201cI see part of myself in the product.\u201d<\/p>\n

              This is the inverse of the actual theory (\u201cproduct is part of me\u201d instead of \u201cI am part of product\u201d) so it makes sense why it might not track. Need to write a replacement.<\/p>\n

              Original Set<\/h4>\n
                \n
              • AID1: The product is an important part of who I am right now.<\/li>\n
              • AID2: My personal values are represented in the product.<\/li>\n
              • AID3: I see part of myself in the product.<\/del><\/li>\n
              • AID4: When I meet someone new, telling them about the product helps them understand who I am.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Dittmar (2011)<\/h4>\n

                We collected open-ended accounts of buying motives in women\u2019s shopping diaries. These diaries showed that concerns with expressing identity, such as \u2018something that fits \u201cme\u201d\u2019 or \u2018just how I want to look\u2019, were reported as frequently as non-identity concerns[\u2026.] We also demonstrated that the motive to buy \u2018because it expresses what is unique about me\u2019 is commonly endorsed (overall ratings fell above the scale midpoint; Dittmar, 2008).<\/p>\n

                [\u2026] material possessions are viewed as a particularly useful source of<\/span><\/p>\n

                information about others\u2019 identity, and that identity inferences show a degree of accuracy. A US study showed that 84% of observers preferred possessions over other sources of information, and that those who made identity inferences on the basis of possessions were more accurate (in the sense that they agreed more strongly with owners\u2019 self-ratings) than observers who had chosen information about behaviours or activities (Burroughs, Drews, & Hallman, 1991).<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                Draft New Qs<\/h4>\n
                  \n
                • The product is part of me.<\/li>\n
                • The product fits me.<\/li>\n
                • The product suits me.<\/li>\n
                • The product is what I want to work on now.<\/li>\n
                • The product expresses something [unique<\/span> about me] \/ [who I am].<\/del><\/li>\n
                • The product expresses something about who I am.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                  IID<\/h3>\n

                  IID2 wasn\u2019t tracking with the others and was removed:\u00a0\u201cI am growing into a better version of me as I work on the product.\u201d<\/p>\n

                  IID3 uses an emotional term, and it\u2019s loading into EMR in certain scenarios. Dittmar uses \u201cfeel\u201d in her description, but I feel it\u2019s being used \u201cintuitively\u201d and not emotionally.<\/p>\n

                  Original set<\/h4>\n
                    \n
                  • IID1: I have a strong sense of how the product will help me achieve future career goals.<\/li>\n
                  • IID2: I am growing into a better version of me as I work on the product.<\/del><\/li>\n
                  • IID3: I want to make sure \u201cfuture me\u201d is happy with the completed product.<\/li>\n
                  • IID4: I feel the product will influence the future of the whole field.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Dittmar (2011):<\/p>\n

                    \u201cThis effect is explained by self-esteem and self-enhancement motives, whereby ideal self-product congruity can help people to reduce discrepancies between their actual and ideal self.\u201d<\/p>\n

                    \u201cIdeal identity motives emerged as a coherent, internally consistent, and conceptually distinct set of buying motives, with \u2018makes me feel more like the person I want to be\u2019 as an example item (Dittmar, 2008).\u201d<\/p>\n

                    \u201cpeople make use of material possessions, among other strategies, to compensate for perceived inadequacies in their self-concept (Wicklund & Gollwitzer, 1982).\u201d<\/p>\n

                    \u201cThis implies that people pursue material symbols in order to reduce discrepancies between their actual and ideal self, which raises the question of whether material goods are a beneficial strategy for dealing with identity deficits.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                    More Thinking<\/h4>\n

                    I really don’t want to directly ask about inadequacies. I think it’d be better to talk about self-improvement instead. “The product helps me compensate for my inadequacies” seems much worse than “The product lets me improve myself.”<\/p>\n

                    Draft New Qs<\/h4>\n
                      \n
                    • I am improving professionally as I work on the product.<\/li>\n
                    • The product gives me the opportunity to grow professionally.<\/li>\n
                    • It is important that I will be satisfied with the completed product. [Could be EMR, but is<\/em> forward-looking]<\/li>\n
                    • I feel personally invested in the successful completion of the product. [I’m not sure where this fits, really.]<\/li>\n
                    • The product helps me feel more like the person I want to be.<\/li>\n
                    • The product helps me feel more like my ideal self.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      <\/h2>\n

                      PRH<\/h3>\n

                      The group wasn\u2019t performing well in reliability tests and was removed. It may be possible to completely re-write the set for another run. Probably just let it go.<\/span> Michelle thinks this has promise, so I\u2019ll revise.<\/p>\n

                      Original Set<\/h4>\n
                        \n
                      • PRH1: The product is a natural extension of my professional work history.<\/li>\n
                      • PRH2: The product reminds me of technologies that were important to me in the past.<\/li>\n
                      • PRH3: I keep memorabilia regarding past products in my work space.<\/li>\n
                      • PRH4: A much younger me would be excited to know I was working on the product today.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Dittmar (2011)<\/h4>\n

                        \u201cInvestigations concerned with relocations and major life transitions demonstrate that people adjust better if they can take their treasured possessions with them, because they symbolise a person\u2019s life experiences, and thus the historical continuity of self.[\u2026] This research highlights that symbolic aspects of possessions help people to maintain a general sense of identity, integrity, and self-continuity, providing a <\/span>symbolic record of their personal history<\/em> [emphasis added].<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                        More Thinking<\/h4>\n

                        PRH1 seems important since it\u2019s about a symbolic record of personal history<\/em> (\u201cThe product provides a symbolic record of my personal history\u201d) but can be simplified and focused. Something like, \u201cThe product is symbolic of my work history.\u201d<\/p>\n

                        PRH2 seems overly complicated, particularly the \u201cimportant\u201d part. The original idea was to tie history to non-work tech, but maybe that\u2019s misguided and I should just focus on work. \u201cThis project reminds me of my past successes\u201d or \u201cThis project reminds me of other tech I\u2019ve developed\u201d or both.<\/p>\n

                        I think PRH3 has to go because it\u2019s about OTHER projects, not THIS project. Something similar might work, though. Something like \u201cI intend to keep memorabilia from this project.\u201d This is INTENT to use as a PRH, not CURRENT use as PRH. Or maybe it\u2019s really about the memorabilia<\/em> and not the project. Feels a bit sketchy, but can be included for testing.<\/p>\n

                        PRH4 was supposed to invoke this sort of feeling: When I consider buying a new storage device today, I find I\u2019m a bit nostalgic for when I was working with old, relatively tiny hard drives in my youth. Perhaps \u201cThe product makes me nostalgic for past technologies.\u201d Note that this isn\u2019t about past work products, just past tech (\u201cThis new first-person shooter we\u2019re building makes me nostalgic for DOOM, which I played as a kid\u201d).<\/p>\n

                        Draft New Qs<\/h4>\n
                          \n
                        • The product is symbolic of my work history.<\/li>\n
                        • I intend to keep memorabilia from this project.<\/li>\n
                        • This project reminds me of my past successes.<\/li>\n
                        • This project reminds me of other tech I\u2019ve developed.<\/li>\n
                        • The product makes me nostalgic for past technologies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          SID<\/h3>\n

                          SID3 wasn\u2019t tracking with the others and was removed: \u201cl consider the product\u2019s target user group important.\u201d<\/p>\n

                          This is from the literature, so its removal seems unfortunate. I should probably take another look at the source and see if there\u2019s another option that will fit better, and if I can understand why SID3 might not work for my population.<\/p>\n

                          (Note: SID can be with MANY groups, but I\u2019ve focused on the end user group. There may be other groups to investigate at other times, like the team and organization.)<\/p>\n

                          Original Set<\/h4>\n

                          These are the 10 items from Brown et al. 1986). Brown is aware of Tajfel and Turner (1979), but uses other sources as well. I should make sure I’m happy with the theoretical antecedents of Brown, and perhaps look for other authors’ guidance on measures for social identity, which I’m told should be available.<\/p>\n

                          Brown suggests they\u2019re in three categories: \u201cawareness of group membership (which contributes to self-definition), evaluation (which relates to self-esteem) and affect.\u201d Originally, I used one of each, with a duplicate affect. SID3 was the lone \u201cevaluation\u201d item chosen (#1 below). I rejected the reversed factors, focusing on the positive.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. l am a person who considers the X group important. (EVALUATION)<\/strong><\/li>\n
                          2. I am a person who identifies with the X group. (AWARENESS)<\/strong><\/li>\n
                          3. I am a person who feels strong ties with the X group. (AFFECT)<\/strong><\/li>\n
                          4. I am a person who is glad to belong to the X group. (AFFECT)<\/strong><\/li>\n
                          5. I am a person who sees myself as belonging to the X group. (AWARENESS)<\/li>\n
                          6. I am a person who makes excuses for belonging to the X group. (EVALUATION)<\/del><\/li>\n
                          7. I am a person who tries to hide belonging to the X group. (AFFECT)<\/del><\/li>\n
                          8. I am a person who feels held back by the X group. (AFFECT)<\/del><\/li>\n
                          9. I am a person who is annoyed to say I’m a member of the X group. (AFFECT)<\/del><\/li>\n
                          10. I am a person who criticizes the X group. (AFFECT)<\/del><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            My versions were edited down. These are my originals:<\/p>\n